Agriculture
AGRICULTURE
GENERAL OBJECTIVES
The aim of the Unified Tertiary Matriculation Examination syllabus in Agriculture is to prepare the
candidates for the Board’s examination. It is designed to test their achievement of the course objectives,
which are to:
1.
2.
3.
4.
stimulate and sustain their interest in Agriculture;
acquire basic knowledge and practical skills in Agriculture;
acquire the knowledge of interpretation and the use of data;
stimulate their ability to make deductions using the acquired knowledge in Agriculture.
The syllabus is divided into five sections as given below:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
General Agriculture
Agronomy
Animal Production
Agricultural Economics and Extension
Agricultural Technology
DETAILED SYLLABUS
SECTION A: General Agriculture
TOPICS/CONTENTS/NOTES
OBJECTIVES
Candidates should be able to:
1.
Meaning and Scope of Agriculture
a. Definition of Agriculture
use the definition of Agriculture in modern terms as
it relates to production, processing and marketing.
b. Branches of Agriculture
differentiate between the various branches of
Agriculture.
c. Types of Agriculture i.e subsistence and differentiate
between
the
various
types
of
commercial
Agriculture.
Candidates should be able to:
2.
3.
Importance of Agriculture
i. Provision of raw materials for agro-
allied industries
ii. Provision of employment
iii. Development of rural areas, etc.
relate agro-allied industries to their respective raw
materials
relate the various contributions of Agriculture to
economic development in West Africa.
Candidates should be able to:
Agricultural Ecology
a. Ecological zones of West Africa
differentiate between the features of the ecological
zones in West Africa
b. Agricultural products of each ecological classify agricultural products according to each
1
Agriculture
TOPICS/CONTENTS/NOTES
OBJECTIVES
zone
ecological zone.
c. Environmental factors and their effects differentiate abiotic from biotic factors affecting
on crop and livestock production
agricultural production.
Candidates should be able to:
4.
Genetics
a. First and second laws of Mendel
b. Cell division
apply the first and second laws of Mendel to
genetics.
differentiate between the types of cell division.
c. Terminologies
e.g.
locus,
alleles, i.
determine the outcome of genetic crossing
involving homozygous and heterozygous
traits.
genotype, dominance
ii.
compute simple probability ratios.
Candidates should be able to:
5.
6.
Farm Inputs
e.g. planting materials, agrochemicals, etc.
classify different types of farm inputs and their uses.
Candidates should be able to:
History of Agricultural Development in
West Africa
a. Agricultural systems e.g. shifting compare various agricultural systems.
cultivation, bush fallowing, etc.
b. Problems of Agricultural development identify the problems and proffer solutions
e.g. land tenure systems, inadequate
infrastructures, finance for agriculture,
pollution, etc.
c. Establishment of national research i.
institutes e.g. NCRI, IAR, IAR&T,
CRIN, NIFOR, FRIN, RRI, NRCRI,
NIHORT, LCRI, etc. and international ii.
research institutes e.g. IITA, ILRI,
ICRISAT, WARDA, etc., leading to
increased application of science to the
development of agriculture.
trace the history of research institutes from past
to present.
assess their role in the development of
agriculture.
d. Agricultural
Development
Projects give reasons for the establishment of ADPs.
(ADPs) e.g. RTEP, FADAMA etc.
e. National agricultural programmes such evaluate the contributions of national agricultural
as OFN, NAFPP, NALDA, Green programmes.
Revolution, NCRPs, NARP, Project
Coordinating Unit (PCU) etc.
2
Agriculture
TOPICS/CONTENTS/NOTES
OBJECTIVES
Candidates should be able to:
7.
Roles of Government and NGOs in
Agricultural Development
a. Development
of
fiscal
policies evaluate the effects of government policies on
favourable to agricultural production agricultural development.
e.g. import duties, ban on importation,
e.t.c.
b. Agricultural laws and reforms e.g Land identify agricultural laws and their effect on
Use Act.
agricultural production
c. Government programmes aimed at i.
agricultural development e.g. subsidies,
credit facilities, e.t.c.
identify the various agricultural incentives
provided by the government.
ii.
assess their effects on agricultural development.
d. Provision of infrastructures e.g.
transport systems, communication
systems, e.t.c.
compare the various infrastructural facilities
provided by government and their uses.
e. Contribution of NGOs to agricultural
development
examine the roles of NGOs in the development of
agriculture.
SECTION B: Agronomy
TOPICS/CONTENTS/NOTES
Rocks and Soil formation
OBJECTIVES
Candidates should be able to:
1.
a. Factors affecting rock weathering and identify major types and properties of rocks and
soil formation
soils; factors and processes of soil formation.
b. Physical properties of soil
i. Soil profile
differentiate between the horizons in a soil profile.
ii. Soil texture and structure
i.
differentiate between the components of soil.
ii. compute the proportion of soil constituents.
iii. analyse soil into its constituents parts.
iv. determine the water-holding capacity of soil.
c. Chemical properties of soil
i. Soil acidity and alkalinity
ii. Chemical components of soil e.g.
silicate
determine the soil pH.
Candidates should be able to:
2.
Soil Water and Soil Conservation
a. Soil water: its importance, sources, i.
compare capillary, gravitational and hygroscopic
water.
movement,
management
and
conservation.
ii. determine water-holding capacity, wilting points
and plant available/unavailable water.
3
Agriculture
TOPICS/CONTENTS/NOTES
OBJECTIVES
b. Soil conservation: meaning and i.
identify the causes of erosion and leaching.
importance,
prevention and control of leaching,
erosion, continuous cropping,
causes,
effects, ii. determine control methods.
burning and oxidation of organic
matter.
c. Irrigation and drainage methods.
i.
classify irrigation and drainage systems.
ii. examine the importance and challenges of
irrigation and drainage.
Candidates should be able to:
classify plant nutrients.
3.
Soil Fertility
a. Macro and micro-nutrients and their i.
roles in plant nutrition: carbon, water ii. identify factors affecting their availability.
and nitrogen cycles
b. The living population of the soil examine the roles of soil flora and fauna in
(flora and fauna), and their roles in maintaining soil fertility.
soil fertility
c. Maintenance
of
soil
fertility: i.
compare the different methods of maintaining
soil fertility.
Methods of maintaining soil fertility
e.g. use of cover crops, application of ii. differentiate between organic and inorganic
organic manures, etc.
fertilizer, and their methods of application.
iii. determine common fertilizer ratios.
d. Nutrient deficiency symptoms e.g. i. identify the deficiency symptoms and their
chlorosis, sickle leaves, stunting,
apical necrosis etc.
causes.
ii. suggest remedies.
Candidates should be able to:
4.
Land Preparation and Soil Tillage
a. Principles and practices of land i.
preparation and soil tillage
compare the different methods of land
preparation and soil tillage in relation to
different groups of crops.
ii. give reasons for the advantages and the
disadvantages of land preparation and soil
tillage.
b. Factors affecting choice of tillage give reasons for the choice of tillage methods.
methods: Zero tillage, minimum
tillage, etc.
Candidates should be able to:
5.
Plant Forms and Functions
a. Parts of monocot and dicot crop i. identify crop plant parts and their functions.
plants and their functions
ii. distinguish between monocot and dicot crop
plants
b. The anatomy and morphology of the differentiate the various storage organs of crop plants
storage organs of common crop
plants
4
Agriculture
TOPICS/CONTENTS/NOTES
OBJECTIVES
Candidates should be able to:
6.
Growth,
Development
and
Reproduction
a. Gametogenesis
b. Pollination
examine the process of gamete formation.
give reasons for different types of pollination.
analyse the process of fertilization.
c. Fertilization
d. Embryo formation and development
trace the process of embryo formation and
development to the formation of seeds and fruits.
Candidates should be able to:
7.
Plant Propagation Methods
a. Sexual: the use of seeds, seed i.
classify crops propagated by sexual methods.
viability, viability test, seed rate and ii. determine seed viability and seed rate.
seed germination
iii. differentiate between types of seed germination.
iv. examine the conditions for seed germination.
b. Asexual (vegetative propagation) e.g. classify crops into different vegetative propagation
cutting, budding, grafting, layering, methods.
e.t.c.
c. Nursery and nursery management
i.
determine appropriate nursery sites, types; their
advantages and disadvantages.
ii. apply the techniques of transplanting seedlings
Candidates should be able to:
8.
Cropping Systems, Planting Patterns
and Plant Densities
a. Cropping systems: Monocropping, i.
compare cropping systems.
mixed-, multiple-, inter-, relay-, strip- ii. apply different cropping systems to solve
and rotational cropping
problems in agriculture.
b. Planting patterns:
differentiate between the various planting patterns.
Broadcasting,
drilling
row spacing and
c. Plant densities: single, double and i.
multiple stands
examine the various types of plant densities and
their effects on crop yield.
ii. compute plant density per hectare.
Candidates should be able to:
9.
Crop Husbandry
Common and scientific names, gross i.
morphology, anatomy of storage organs,
methods of propagation, husbandry
practices, harvesting, processing and
apply the different methods of crop propagation,
husbandry, harvesting, processing and storage
for each crop.
storage, common diseases and pests, ii. identify common diseases and pests and their
economic importance of the following
groups of crops.
effects on crop yield.
iii. determine the economic importance of each of
the crops.
Group 1: Cereals e.g maize, guinea corn,
5
Agriculture
TOPICS/CONTENTS/NOTES
OBJECTIVES
rice
iv. relate their importance to national economic
development.
Group
2:
Legumes
e.g.
cowpea,
groundnut, soyabean
Group 3: Tubers e.g. yam, cassava, sweet
potatoes
Group 4: Vegetables and Spices e.g.
tomatoes, egg plant, pepper,
onions,
okra,
cabbage,
Amaranthus sp.
Group 5: Fruits e.g. citrus, pineapple,
pawpaw
Group 6: Beverages e.g. cocoa, kola,
coffee
Group 7: Oils e.g. oil palm, coconut, shea
butter
Group 8: Latex e.g. para rubber, gum
arabic
Group 9: Fibres e.g jute, cotton, sisal
hemp
Group 10: Sugars e.g sugarcane, beet
Candidates should be able to:
10.
Pasture and Forage Crops
a. Study of gross morphology, methods i.
of propagation and husbandry of
classify common grasses and legumes used as
pastures and forage
common
legumes.
pasture
grasses
Establishment,
and ii.
differentiate between pasture and forage crops
by their common and scientific names.
maintenance, conservation and uses iii. distinguish between the various methods of
of pastures and forage crops.
conserving pastures e.g. hay- and silage-
making.
b. Study of natural grasslands and their relate different vegetational zones to their dominant
distribution in West Africa
pasture species.
c. Range management
determine range types and utilization of range
resources in Nigeria
Candidates should be able to:
11.
Floriculture
Identification, establishment, maintenance i.
and uses of ornamental trees, shrubs and
distinguish between common ornamental trees,
shrubs and flowers.
flowers
ii.
determine their uses and maintenance.
6
Agriculture
TOPICS/CONTENTS/NOTES
Weeds
OBJECTIVES
Candidates should be able to:
12.
a. Gross morphology, methods of i.
reproduction, dispersal and effect of
identify weeds with their common and
scientific names.
weeds
ii.
classify weeds according to their mode of
dispersal.
b. Weed control methods – weeding,
mulching, cover cropping, tillage,
herbicides and trap cropping
apply various weed control methods.
Candidates should be able to:
13.
Crop Diseases
a. Identification
of
disease–causing distinguish between common store and field disease
organisms both in store and in the – causing organisms.
field.
b. A simple account of diseases caused i.
by fungi, bacteria, nematodes and
viruses; the nature of the damage,
relate various disease-causing organisms to the
damage caused, symptoms and their mode of
spread.
methods
of
transmission
and ii.
apply appropriate control methods.
common methods of control.
c. Side effects of application of relate each control method to its side effect.
preventive and control methods e.g
pollution, poisoning and distribution
of ecosystem.
Candidates should be able to:
14.
Crop Pests
a. General
account
of
pests
of i.
identify the various field and store pests.
assess their economic importance.
agricultural plants both in the field ii.
and in the store, their types, iii. relate various prevention and control methods
importance, principles and methods
of prevention and control
to different pests.
b. Life cycles of: biting insects e.g. i.
grasshopper; boring insects e.g. ii.
weevils; sucking insects e.g. aphids
and cotton strainer.
describe the life cycles of various insects.
apply the knowledge of the life cycles of insect
pests to their prevention and control.
c. Common pesticides and their side i.
differentiate between common pesticides.
examine their mode of action on pests.
effects
ii.
Candidates should be able to:
15.
Forest Management (Silviculture)
a. Importance: Source of wood, pulp, relate various forest products to their uses.
fibre and other forest products
b. Conservation: regulation, exploitation, i.
regeneration, afforestation, ii.
agro-forestry and taungya system
compare different forest conservation methods.
apply the various methods appropriately.
7
Agriculture
TOPICS/CONTENTS/NOTES
Crop improvement
OBJECTIVES
Candidates should be able to:
16.
Methods of crop improvement e.g. i.
give reasons for crop improvement.
introduction,
quarantine e.t.c.
selection,
crossing, ii.
distinguish between various methods of crop
improvement.
SECTION C: Animal Production
TOPICS/CONTENTS/NOTES
OBJECTIVES
Candidates should be able to:
1.
Forms and classification of major farm
animals in West Africa
a. Species, breeds and distribution
i.
ii.
classify various breeds of farm animals.
locate where they are found.
b. External features of cattle, sheep, identify their features.
goat, pigs, rabbits and poultry
Candidates should be able to:
2.
3.
General
production
terminology
in
animal
Common terms used in animal husbandry, use various terms in animal husbandry.
e.g. calving, kidding, castrate, capon,
veal, mutton, e.t.c.
Candidates should be able to:
Anatomy and physiology of farm
animals
a. Functions of tissues and organs of distinguish between various functions of tissues and
farm animals organs of farm animals.
b. Animal body systems e.g. digestive compare different body systems in farm animals.
(ruminants
reproductive,
and
respiratory,
non-ruminants),
urinary
(excretory) and nervous systems.
c. Effect of environmental changes on determine the effects of climate change on farm
physiological development of farm animals
animals e.g climate change
Candidates should be able to:
4.
Reproduction in farm animals
a. Gametogenesis, oestrus cycle, signs i.
of heat and heat periods, secondary
sexual characters, gestation periods, ii.
parturition and the role of hormones
in reproduction.
give an account of the process of reproduction
in farm animals.
determine
the
role
of
hormones
in
reproduction.
8
Agriculture
TOPICS/CONTENTS/NOTES
OBJECTIVES
b. Development, nourishment and birth
of the young. Mammary glands and trace the development in farm animals from
lactation in farm animals.
fertilization to birth and care of the young.
c. Egg
formation,
incubation
and
hatching in poultry.
trace the process of egg formation and incubation in
poultry.
Candidates should be able to:
5.
Animal nutrition
a. Feed nutrients and functions
identify the various feed nutrients, their sources and
functions.
b. Feeds and feeding: Simple ration i.
formulation balanced ration,
differentiate between the types of animal feeds
and their formulation.
–
common pasture/forage crops e.g. ii.
guinea grass, elephant grass, giant
relate the various types of rations to different
classes of livestock.
star
grass.
Andropogon
sp,
Calopogonium sp. Hay and silage
preparation, different types of rations,
namely maintenance ration and
production ration.
c. Nutrient deficiencies: Causes and i.
symptoms of malnutrition and their
trace symptoms to nutrient deficiencies in farm
animals.
correction in farm animals.
ii.
apply appropriate corrective measures to
nutrient deficiencies in farm animals.
Candidates should be able to:
6.
7.
Livestock management
Housing,
feeding,
sanitation
and apply the different management practices for farm
veterinary care of ruminants, pigs, rabbits animals.
and poultry under intensive, semi-
intensive and extensive systems of
management from birth to slaughter.
Candidates should be able to:
i. identify diseases of farm animals and
Animal Health
a. Animal diseases (pathology)
i.
Environmental
factors
causative agents.
predisposing animals to diseases; ii.
causal organisms, symptoms,
classify livestock diseases based on symptoms
and mode of transmission.
transmission and effects.
iii. apply appropriate preventive and curative
measures against diseases caused by these
pathogens.
ii. Preventive and curative methods
for diseases caused by viruses,
bacteria, fungi and protozoa.
b. Parasites (parasitology)
i.
economic ii.
classify livestock parasites.
determine their role in disease transmission.
i.
Life
cycles
and
importance of livestock parasites iii. trace life cycles of parasites from egg to adult
e.g. endoparasites, ectoparasites
and disease vectors.
stage.
9
Agriculture
TOPICS/CONTENTS/NOTES
OBJECTIVES
ii. Prevention and control
apply appropriate prevention and control methods
against livestock parasites.
-
-
-
-
dipping
spraying
deworming
sanitation
8.
Fisheries and Wildlife
Candidates should be able to:
a. Fish culture systems; Common types
i.
identify the common types of fishes in West
Africa.
of fishes e. g Tilapia, Catfish, etc.
i.
Extensive systems: inland and
deep sea fishing, lakes and rivers.
ii.
differentiate between various systems of fish
farming in West Africa.
ii. Semi-intensive systems: dams
iii. Intensive systems: fish ponds –
Factors to consider in ponds
iii. determine the factors to be considered in
intensive fish farming.
establishment
management
and
e.g.
pond
pond
fertilization, liming and desilting.
b. Fish harvesting and processing
methods
i.
assess the advantages and disadvantages of
different fish harvesting and processing
methods.
i.
Use of drag nets, hook and line,
etc.
ii.
use the various methods of catching fish.
ii. Curing, sun-drying and smoking.
iii. apply the various methods of fish preservation.
apply fishery regulations in Nigeria.
iii. Fishery regulations
i.
identify animals found in West African game
reserves.
c. Wildlife management
ii.
give reasons for the establishment of game
reserves.
Habitat
domestication,
conservation,
feeding, iii.
harvesting,
apply common wildlife regulations.
processing and wildlife regulations.
Candidates should be able to:
9.
Bee-keeping (Apiculture)
a. Meaning and importance of apiculture
relate bee-keeping to economic development
b. Types of bees e.g exotic and indigenous differentiate between various types of bees
bees
c. Methods of bee-keeping e.g traditional classify methods of bee-keeping
and modern bee-keeping
d. Equipment and safety measures in bee- identify bee-keeping equipment and their uses
keeping
10
Agriculture
TOPICS/CONTENTS/NOTES
Animal Improvement
OBJECTIVES
Candidates should be able to:
10.
Methods of animal improvement e. g. i.
introduction, breeding, quarantine and ii.
selection: Breeding systems – inbreeding,
give reasons for animal improvement.
differentiate between the various methods of
animal improvement.
line-breeding,
insemination
cross-breeding,
artificial
SECTION D: Agriculture Economics and Extension
TOPICS/CONTENTS/NOTES
OBJECTIVES
Candidates should be able to:
1.
Factors of agricultural production
a. Land
i.
understand the meaning of land and state its
uses
identify the various forms of land ownership.
examine their effects of land ownership on
agriculture.
i. Types of land ownership in West
Africa
ii.
iii.
iv.
differentiate between the various features of
land and their effects on land use.
b. Labour
differentiate between the types and sources of labour
and their effects on agricultural production.
c. Capital
compare the sources of capital and associated
problems.
d. Management
determine the functions of a farm manager in an
agricultural enterprise.
Candidates should be able to:
2.
Basic Economic Principles
a. Demand and supply
i.
relate demand to supply in agricultural
production.
ii.
interpret geographical representation of
demand and supply.
b. Production function:
i.
relate input to output.
Input/input, Output/output
Input/output relationships; stages of
production, concepts of diminishing
returns, scale of preference and choice.
ii.
deduce economic concepts from graphic
representation.
11
Agriculture
TOPICS/CONTENTS/NOTES
OBJECTIVES
Candidates should be able to:
3.
Features of Agricultural Production
Smallness of farm holdings: biological
limits
of
farm
production
and i.
distinguish between the common features of
agricultural production and produce.
compute elasticity of demand and supply.
susceptibility of farm production to
climate, seasonality of farm productions, ii.
price elasticity in demand and supply of
agricultural produce.
4.
Labour Management
Candidates should be able to:
a. Labour relations: Supervision, etc.
identify the various ways of achieving labour
efficiency.
b. Types of labour: Permanent labour etc.
differentiate between the various types and sources
of labour.
c. National labour laws and regulations.
apply national labour laws and regulations.
Candidates should be able to:
5.
Farm Management
a. Qualities, functions and problems of a
farm manager.
identify the qualities, functions and problems of a
farm manager.
b. Records and record-keeping: Types and
i.
differentiate between the types of farm records.
importance of record-keeping – livestock
records, profit and loss account book.
c. Stock evaluation:
ii. give reasons for keeping farm records.
determine gross and net margins, appreciation,
depreciation and salvage value
i. gross and net profits in farm
management.
ii. Appreciation, depreciation and savage
value
d. Agricultural insurance:
i. Meaning, importance and types of
agricultural insurance
i. examine the relevance of agricultural insurance
ii. determine the appropriate agricultural insurance
scheme
ii. Problems of agricultural insurance
determine the problems associated with agricultural
insurance.
6.
Marketing of Agricultural Produce
Candidates should be able to:
a. Importance of Marketing.
evaluate the importance of agricultural marketing
b. Marketing channels.
i.
classify marketing agents and their functions.
determine the various ways in which
ii.
marketing
channels
pose
problems
in
agricultural production.
12
Agriculture
TOPICS/CONTENTS/NOTES
OBJECTIVES
c. Characteristics of agricultural products
affecting their marketing.
determine the characteristics of agricultural products
affecting their marketing.
Candidates should be able to:
7.
Agricultural Extension
a. Meaning and importance.
identify the importance of agricultural extension.
b. The role of Agricultural Development
programmes, universities, research
institutes and farmers’ organizations
(Cooperative societies).
analyse the roles of government and non-
governmental organizations in agricultural extension
education.
c. Extension methods including
demonstration plots, use of visual aids,
mass media, etc.
differentiate between the various extension methods.
d. Problems of agricultural extension in
West Africa and possible solutions.
i.
examine the problems of agricultural
extension in West Africa.
ii.
provide possible solutions.
SECTION E: Agricultural Technology
TOPICS/CONTENTS/NOTES
OBJECTIVES
Candidates should be able to:
1.
Farm surveying and farmstead
planning
examine the relevance of farm surveying to
agriculture.
a. Meaning and importance
b. Common surveying equipment, their uses
and care
classify common surveying equipment, their uses
and care.
c. Common survey methods
d. Principles of farmstead outlay.
Simple farm tools
differentiate between the common survey methods.
apply survey principles to farmstead outlay.
Candidates should be able to:
2.
3.
i.
identify simple farm tools.
ii.
iii.
use and maintain farm tools.
compare the advantages and disadvantages of
simple farm tools.
Candidates should be able to:
Farm machinery and implements
a. Types
identify common farm machinery and implements.
i.
Machinery e.g tractor, milking
machine etc
i.
classify farm machinery according to their
uses.
ii.
Implements
ii.
apply appropriate maintenance routines on
13
Agriculture
TOPICS/CONTENTS/NOTES
OBJECTIVES
b. Uses and maintenance of farm machinery
and implements
farm machines and implements.
operate farm machines and implements.
iii.
Candidates should be able to:
4.
Mechanization and sources of farm
power
a. Sources of farm power e. g. animal and
machines
compare the advantages and disadvantages of
various sources of farm power and their application.
b. Advantages and disadvantages of
agricultural mechanization
distinguish between the advantages and
disadvantages of mechanization.
c. Problems and prospects of mechanized
agriculture in West Africa
assess the problems and prospects of mechanized
agriculture in West Africa.
Candidates should be able to:
5.
Processing and storage
a. Processing: traditional and modern
methods of food processing e.g. gari, rice
and groundnut processing, etc.
i. identify the importance of agricultural
processing.
ii.differentiate between the various methods of
processing agricultural produce.
b. Storage
i. compare different storage methods.
ii.apply different storage methods.
Candidates should be able to:
6.
7.
Introduction to biotechnology
Basic terms, e.g. tissue and anther culture i.
use basic terms in biotechnology.
in vitro fertilization and genetic
engineering
ii.
provide reasons for the importance and
application of biotechnology.
Candidates should be able to:
Application of ICT in agriculture
a. Features of computers
identify the various components of a computer.
b. Uses of computers in agriculture: disease
and
weather
forecasting,
ration use the computer to enhance agricultural practices.
formulation, database and simulation
studies, etc.
c. Use of communication gadgets e.g mobile use communication gadgets to enhance agricultural
phone, internet, etc.
production.
14
Agriculture
TOPICS/CONTENTS/NOTES
OBJECTIVES
Candidates should be able to:
8.
Introduction to agricultural research
and statistics
a. Basic concepts in planning agricultural
experiments e.g. hypothesis, treatment
and control, etc.
use basic concepts in agricultural experiments.
i.
ii.
draw inferences from experimental results.
compute simple measures of central tendency.
b. Interpretation of results, e.g. measures of
central tendency and experimental errors.
15
Agriculture
RECOMMENDED TEXTS
Adeniyi, M. O. et al (1999) Countdown to Senior Secondary Certificate Examination Agricultural Science, Ibadan:
Evans
Akinsanmi, O. (2000) Junior Secondary Agricultural Science, Uk: Longman.
Akinsanmi, O. (2000) Senior Secondary Agricultural Science, Uk: Longman.
Anthonio, Q. B. O. (1999) General Agriculture for West Africa, London: George Allen
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